1.简单句的结构: 主语+谓语+宾语+状语（地点状语+方式状语+时间状语）时间状语还可以放在句首

2. 一般现在时，现在进行时感叹句：what+名词+主语+谓语， how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语频度副词：位于主语和谓语之间，常见频度副词及其程度的深浅：always, often, usually, frequently, sometimes, hardly, rarely, seldom, neverI always buy CDs on Sundays.3. 一般过去时直接宾语和间接宾语：主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务，也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。 He gives me a book.me间接宾语, a book直接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for，to表示动作对谁而做， for表示动作为谁而做。主语＋及物动词＋直接宾语＋介词+间接宾语Give the book to me.Send a letter to him.I bought a coat for my mother.4. 现在完成时，注意频度及时间副词的位置 receive/take5. 复习：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别in the way/on the way/in this way/by the way/in a way/get out of my way/Don’t stand in my way./by the way/no wayspare/to spare6. 冠词用法（一）1． 不定冠词用于修饰单数可数名词，当一个单词的第*个发音为元音时要用冠词an, 如果是辅音用a即可。2． 不定冠词还可以用来修饰一类事物，有时候也可以省略：A cat is a lovely animal. Cat is a lovely animal.3． 不可数名词加冠词表示一类事物：Apple is a fruit.4． 如果特制某人,某物或上文提过的人或物时要用定冠词the5． Some表示一些，可以修饰可数名词及不可数名词。6． 在姓名，城市，地名，过名，月份，节日，星期前不加冠词，季节前也一般不加，特指时加。put on/take off/look for/look after/knock at/knock sth. off/knock off/knock %off/knock over/knock out7. 过去进行时，时间状语短语：在短语中动词后面的介词或副词叫小品词，有些小品词既可以紧跟在动词后面也可以跟在动词的宾语后面，而有些则只能紧跟着动词使用。8. 形容词的比较级与*高级单音节词的比较级*高级：u 直接加-er, -est: small-smaller, smallestu 以e结尾的加-r, -st: large-larger, largestu 以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i加-er, -est: busy-busier, busiestu 重读闭音节结尾的词，双写最后一个辅音字母再加-er, -est：big-bigger, biggest以ow, er, le结尾的双音节词和个别单音节词也直接加-er, -est：narrow, common, clever, simple，polite, quiet…多音节词及双音节词：more/less, most/lest不规则变化：good/bad/many/little/far…少数单音节词也要通过加more/less, most/lest构成比较级和*高级：pleased, glad, tired, fond,注意：形容词*高级前面要加定冠词the 不定代词的用法，如果不定代词做主语，谓语动词要用单数：Everyone is here.enter/enter for9. 介词（表示时间）u in:表示一天中的某段时间：in the morning/afternoon/evening表示月份/年份：in March, in 1990表示季节：in spring/winterin+一段时间可以表示在一段时间之内也可以表示在一段时间之后，可以与现在时，过去时和将来时连用。u on:表示星期：on Monday表示具体日期：on June 1st表示具体时间：on that day/that evening/on that nightu at:表示确切时间：at 10 o’clock表示用餐时间：at lunch time/teatime表示其他时刻：at noon/night/midnight, at this timeu during+一段时间u from…tillu till/untill直到not any=no，语气更强10. 被动语态：结构：be+过去分词用法：u 主语不清或不需要提及时I was born in 1999. The apple was eaten. u 强调不同的主语时，为了说明动作是谁做的，用by+动作执行者The policeman caught the thief. The thief was caught by the policeman.Be made in/be made of/be made from/be made by双重名词所有格：one of +形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+名词复数单数名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格one of my father’s friends/a friend of my father’sone of my friends/a friend of mineone of your records/a record of yours1. 复习动词不定式做宾补的用法：want/help/ask/teach/advise . to do, 代词要用宾格形式borrow/lend, salary/wages2. 一般将来时：be going to结构的用法be+副词词组：be away/be back/be out/be in/be over/be on/be up to ./sth.set out=set off, set up=create3. 将来进行时：名词所有格：如果名词复数以S结尾一般只加‘，如果名词是以S结尾的专有名词如人名，可以加’S, 也可以直接加‘，如：Keats’ work, the Johns’ house 名词所有格也可以用来表示无生命的1． 时间：today’s, new centry’s2． 国家，城市名词：the country’s, the city’s3． 机构组织：the station’s waiting room, the university’s library4． 车，船，用具: the car’s wheel, the computer’s harddisk5． 专有结构：at one’s wit’s end,6． 价值：ten pound’s worth of meat, 7． 时间：in twenty minutes’ time4. 过去完成时：ask/ask forexcept/except for/apart fromwhich of/neither of/both of/neither of5. 直接引语/间接引语（一）如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词u 时态变化：一般现在时——一般过去时现在进行时——过去进行时一般过去时——过去完成时现在完成时——过去完成时一般将来时——过去将来时be going to——was/were going to/wouldcan--------couldmay--------mightu 时间地点及指示词的变化：here—there, tomorrow—the next day, the following day, this—that…u 人称变化：根据句意改变人称。Nervous/irritableOffice/study/deskafford6. 条件状语从句：主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时，有时为了强调“能够”，“必须”还可以用情态动词police/policemanpay attention to/care for/take care ofremind/rememberone/you可以指任何人： One must never tell lies. You must never tell lies.7. 情态动词：must/have toas作为介词，以…身份，与like相同as作为连词，因为，正当。。。时候，以。。。方式，如同。。。那样dress/suit/costumegrow/grow up8. have用法give in, give away, give up, give upbeside/besides9. can/could/may/might might as well表示“还是。。。的好”，“还不如。。。”He will never pass. He might as well give up.10. 动名词：动名词1． 动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时称为动名词。动名词可以做主语，标语，宾语，介词宾语定语（即复合名词）2． 动名词的几种形式：

主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done

3. 做主语：Finding work is difficult now.Watching TV is my favorite pastime.4. 做表语：My main hobby is reading. One of her duties is growing roses.My job is teaching.5. 做宾语：I like taking with famous people.We enjoy learning English. The flowers need watering.6. 介词宾语：He is fond of watching football matches.He went away without saying a word.常用的一些加动名词的动词词组（注意总结）：take part in, look forward to , insist on, be interested in,7. 做定语：waiting room, swimming pool, washing machine, reading room, living room, drinking fountain(引水机)， parking slot…8. 动名词的否定：在动名词前面加not,I am sorry for not asking you.Interested/interesting, excited/exciting, amused/amusing